Spine surgery is performed to treat conditions that affect the spinal column, nerves, or discs, often when conservative treatments such as medication or physical therapy fail to provide relief. It is commonly recommended for patients with herniated discs, spinal stenosis, scoliosis, degenerative disc disease, fractures, or chronic back and neck pain. There are several types of spine surgery, including discectomy, laminectomy, spinal fusion, and artificial disc replacement. Minimally invasive techniques are increasingly used, offering shorter recovery times, smaller incisions, and less postoperative pain.

The goal of spine surgery is to relieve pressure on the spinal cord or nerves, stabilize the spine, and restore mobility and function. Depending on the procedure, recovery may take a few weeks to several months and usually includes rehabilitation. With modern advances in surgical technology and expert care, spine surgery can significantly improve quality of life for those suffering from persistent spine-related conditions.