Bone grafting is a surgical procedure used to repair or rebuild bone that has been lost due to injury, disease, or tooth loss. It plays a vital role in dentistry and orthopedics, especially when the existing bone is not strong or thick enough to support implants or other treatments. Graft materials can come from the patient (autograft), a human donor (allograft), animal sources (xenograft), or synthetic materials (alloplast). These grafts act as a framework, allowing the body to regenerate new, healthy bone tissue over time.

In dentistry, bone grafting is commonly done to restore the jawbone before dental implant placement, or after tooth extractions and periodontal disease. The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia and involves minimal discomfort and downtime. Bone grafting enhances stability, restores natural bone structure, and improves long-term treatment success, making it an essential step for many patients preparing for advanced dental or orthopedic procedures.